Microphone and Recording

When we talk about recording, or rather the recording industry, of course we can not escape from the instrument or instruments. But not only that, there is something very important to create a work of quality. Microphone is a sensor that is needed in doing this project. A set of drums will not be included in a track without a microphone. Vocal sound character will not be heard without a microphone. From this,you can say that the microphone is very important and even a part that must be present and owned by a music producer.

On the last occasion been described in general about the types and character of a microphone. This time YourMicrophone will share tips on selecting a type of microphone for recording a few patterns. Usually the microphone used for vocals and drum-sets. There are also use it to record acoustic guitar. No problem, the drums tend to be on the low frequency range and Of course having a big pressure. From here we can choose the type of microphone is good at low frequencies and also have a strong membrane. You can use the Ribbon or Dynamic microphone for this case.

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POP filter

One of the accessories for the microphone is a noise filter. Used to filter the incoming vocal sound. As we know, that when we speak or sing, in addition to sound waves coming out of the mouth as well as air. It often sounds like noise on the recording. One example of noise that comes out accidentally from the mouth is the pronunciation of 'p' and 'b'. It will be heard loud and rumbling. This will greatly disrupt the quality  vocals recording. Noise filter on the microphone is often used to overcome this. A cotton cloth which was unfolded in circular fiberglass and then placed one inch in front of the microphone. Vocal sound will be filtered. So that comes into the microphone only vocalists sound waves without any noise from the air that come out. Thus, the recording will learn good without any disturbing noise.

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Dynamic Microphone

In the posts that have past, we have displayed microphone briefly, from both theory and working principles. This time we will discuss one type of microphone is the most widely used, namely Dynamic Microphone. Microphone is also often called Electromagnetic microphone by some people. Microphone type is very much sold on the market with a variety of prices depending on the quality and product.Work principle of this microphone is in contrast with the loudspeaker. Therefore, some people use the loudspeaker as a microphone that is used on acoustic guitar. A movable coil in a magnetic field will generate electric signals. This principle is working on this microphone. More details can be seen in the picture. A coil attached to a thin membrane, in such a way as to be positioned in a magnetic field. When the membrane vibrates, the coil will move, because the influence of the magnetic field appears electrical signal. the signal is nothing but the sound of people talking in front of the microphone. One of the nature or character of this type of microphone is less sensitive. Effectively used for low frequency range. Dynamic microphones typically used for live music concerts, the State Ceremony, and other outdoor event.

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Microphone Frequency Response

Each microphone basically have different characteristics. Both depend on the quality of material or sensor system that worked for him. One of the characteristics you need to know is the frequency response of a microphone. Usually the frequency response, are presented in graphical form tehadap frequency output from the microphone. From the graph we can find out at what frequency the microphone is working effectively or have a flat response. This shows that the stability of a microphone is affected by the frequency of the sound it receives. Most microphones at this time able to respond to sounds with frequencies between 20-20000 Hz. But stability is not working microphone at each frequency. Usually at low frequencies, the response has microphon below 0 dB, while the pad is a high frequency response of a microphone to rise above 0 dB. As we know the frequency response of a microphone, we can determine what type of microphone that we will use for our purposes, so that we get maximum results and in line with expectations.

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Cadioid Pattern

Cardioid Pattern at Frequency 20000Hz

In the last post that the author presents an abstract of the thesis writer has done with the title of Condenser Microphone Polar Pattern. This time the author will continue the story about it. How and what method is obtained from the study. In this study, the authors use microphone type condenser, with radius1 inc. Because in addition to easy to get, this type of  microphone most used by fellow students as an instrument in conducting research, special for associated with the acoustic. It is expected from the results obtained can help to understand and add information about this type of microphone. Research conducted in the Anechoic chamber at the State University of Yogyakarta acoustics laboratory for about one week .Before obtained sufficient data, and frequency spectrum analysis to determine the amplitude of the signals were captured by a microphone at last obtained such results: 1. The polar pattern of microphone is affected by the frequency response of sound source 2. At low frequencies, shows omnidirectional or circle pattern. 3. In the high frequency of shows cardioid. 

You can see the Cardioid Pattern above.

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Select Your Microphone

Taken from The Microphone Book by John Eargle

Microphone is generally used for sound sensor, which change the sound into electrical signals. In the life-days microphone function is to create a sound that comes out of our mouths can be heard by many people by speaker. This is done by increasing the gain or the output of a microphone with the help of Amplifier. Thus, our voices ring in front microphone can be strengthened or hardened to a variety of purposes. Microphone itself has a lot of kind-kind.  

Which is widely used in various human needs is a certain species, such as condenser, dynamic and ribbon. To adapt to the needs, we should know the character of each microphone that we will use. So will we get results that can be achieved optimally. Thus, a sound engineer should know about the characteristics of several microphones are often used at this time. Many ways to find out, for example by reading related books, or purchase and to test themselves about character of each type of microphone is. 

Here the author will share some experience about it. After several years of acquaintance with the microphone, the author indirectly can find some characters of a certain type of microphone. Condenser microphone, has a character sensitive to high frequency, lightweight and easily damaged when exposed to excessive sound pressure. Dynamic microphone, tend to be more resistant to a large sound pressure, both at low frequencies, more severe than on the type of condenser.

   

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DIRECTIVITY PATTREN OF A CONDENSER MICROPHONE

 By :

Nur Baehaqi

04306141014

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the pattern directivity of a condenser microphone at frequency of 500 Hz, 5000 Hz, 10000Hz and 20000 Hz. Frequency of each chosen to represent the low frequency, middle frequency and high frequency of a sound source is captured by a condenser microphone.

Data retrieval is done by using a loudspeaker which is used as a source of sound and microphone as a sensor that captures sound from the loudspeaker. Sound samples taken at a distance of 1 m from the center of the loudspeaker  by rotating microphone in place, stative microphone has been equipped with a protractor. The distance between sample point is 10˚, so there are 36 sample points. This research was conducted in a room that was equipped with a silencer.

Polar pattern analysis using microsoft excel software shows a circular pattern at a frequency of 500 Hz and a more directive pattern (focused on several directions) along with the increasing frequency of the sound source. This means that at low frequencies, the microphone has a response similar reception in all directions and at high frequency microphone has a catchment response in a particular direction.

Keywords: frequency, polar pattern and condenser microphone

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Little Summary of Microphone

Microphone is a transducer acoustic-to-electric sensors used transform and change the sound signals into electrical signals. In principle, the microphone is a system of vibration of the membrane, which vibrates due to the membrane exposed to sound pressure. Microphone have many different types, some types are classified by the transduction system. Condenser microphones and dynamic microphones are two of the examples that many people use the microphone.

Condenser microphone is a microphone that works with the principle of keeping parallel capacitor, or the difference in capacitance between the charged plate. The membrane is very thin on the microphone and made of plate or metal. Behind there is membrane electrode made of metal as well, the two plates are separated by a column of air. When the membrane exposed to sound field, the membrane will vibrate, the vibration of the membrane will change the distance of plate, or column of air between the plate that resulted in the emergence of differences in capacitance. Then the difference described as disappointing as electrical signals. 

Dynamic microphones are often also called electromagnetic microphone, because it works based on these principles. A wire coil made of a very small email attached to the membrane and placed in a magnetic field. Vibration caused by because of the membrane exposed to sound field will move the coil in a magnetic field, the emergence of electric current response as the voice signal.

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